Statistics & rankings

Voting participation is the percentage of eligible Commons divisions an MP voted in. A division is eligible for an MP if it occurred on or after their Commons membership start date. Divisions before the MP entered Parliament are excluded from both numerator and denominator.

Lowest participation excludes MPs with fewer than 10 eligible divisions to avoid penalising very recently elected members. Sinn Féin MPs and the Speaker are excluded from low-participation rankings because they generally do not take part in Commons divisions in the same way as party MPs.

Most and least recorded votes rank current MPs by raw vote count in eligible divisions. The least-votes ranking also excludes MPs with fewer than 10 eligible divisions and applies the same Sinn Féin/Speaker exclusion as lowest participation.

Commons average is the mean participation rate across all current MPs with at least one eligible division.

Party engagement is calculated from all current MPs in a party group: total recorded votes divided by total eligible divisions for those MPs.

Debate appearances count the number of recorded Hansard debate sittings where an MP made at least one contribution in the last 12 months. The fewest-debates ranking excludes MPs with zero recorded appearances.

Questions tabled count written and oral parliamentary questions an MP has tabled in the last 12 months. Written questions come from the Parliament Written Questions API; oral questions come from the Oral Questions API. The fewest-questions ranking excludes MPs with zero questions.

Topic breadth counts the number of distinct topics an MP has voted or spoken on in the last 12 months. Topics are assigned locally using keyword rules, not official Parliament categorisation.

Most likely to rebel ranks MPs by the percentage of their votes that went against the majority of their party group. MPs with fewer than 50 votes are excluded. Independent and Speaker roles are excluded because they do not have a party whip.

Most rebellions ranks MPs by the raw number of times they voted against the majority of their party group. The same minimum-vote and party-role exclusions apply.

Party loyalty is the share of an MP's comparable Aye/No votes cast with their party majority — the factual inverse of rebellion, over the same denominator. Minimum 50 votes; Independents and the Speaker are excluded as they take no party whip. It describes recorded votes only, not the formal whip or motive.

Winning and losing side count an MP's Aye/No votes that matched (or opposed) the division's outcome. Tied divisions have no winner and are excluded; minimum 50 decided votes. Government MPs naturally sit high on the winning side — this is a factual record of outcomes, not a measure of influence.

Service length is based on the Commons membership start date imported from the Parliament Members API.

Roles include government posts, opposition posts, and committee memberships from Parliament biography data.

Interest categories count the number of distinct registered interest categories, not individual items.

Expenses are IPSA-published Total Spend figures covering staffing, office, accommodation, travel, and other costs. Current-year rankings use the latest imported financial year. Lifetime rankings sum total spend across all imported years. Only current MPs with non-zero claims are included. MPs who were not in Parliament for a full year will naturally have lower totals.