Division 247 · 1 July 2025
Universal Credit and Personal Independent Payment Bill: Reasoned Amendment at Second Reading
At a glance
This division was rejected on 1 July 2025 by a margin of 179, with 149 Ayes and 328 Noes. The largest Aye bloc was Liberal Democrat with 70 votes. The largest No bloc was Labour with 327 votes. There were 44 rebel votes — MPs voting against their party's majority. This motion was proposed by The Secretary of State for Work and Pensions. This division took place during a debate on Universal Credit and Personal Independence Payment Bill.
149
Ayes
328
Noes
Rejected
Result
482
Voted
Rejected by 179
Ayes 149 / Noes 328
The motion
Proposed by The Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
I beg to move, That the Bill be now read a Second time. This Bill and our wider welfare reforms seek to fix the broken benefits system that we inherited from the Conservatives and deliver a better life for millions of people across our country. Our plans are rooted in principles and values that I kn… I beg to move, That the Bill be now read a Second time. This Bill and our wider welfare reforms seek to fix the broken benefits system that we inherited from the Conservatives and deliver a better life for millions of people across our country. Our plans are rooted in principles and values that I know many in this House share: compassion for those who need our help most, a belief in equality and social justice, that everyone should have the chance to fulfil their potential no matter where they are born or what their parents did, and responsibility for our constituents and our country as a whole, so that we ensure the welfare state is sustainable and lasts for generations to come. But the system we inherited is failing on all those counts. Conservative Members left us with a system that incentivises people to define themselves as incapable of work just to be able to afford to live. They then wrote people off without any help or support, then blamed them to grab a cheap headline. The result is 2.8 million people out of work due to long-term sickness, and one in eight of all our young people not in education, employment or training, with all the terrible long-term consequences that brings for their future job prospects, earnings and health. The number of people on disability benefits is set to more than double this decade, with awards for personal independence payments increasing at twice the rate of increases in the prevalence of disabled people in our society, adding 1,000 new PIP awards a day—the equivalent of adding a city the size of Leicester every single year.
Party breakdown
Click a row to filter votes below by that party.
| Party | Party position | Ayes | Noes | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lab Labour | Voted No 44 rebels | 44 | 327 | 399 |
| LD Liberal Democrat | Voted Aye | 70 | 0 | 72 |
| Ind Independent | No party whip | 10 | 3 | 14 |
| SNP Scottish National Party | Voted Aye | 9 | 0 | 9 |
| RUK Reform UK | Voted Aye | 4 | 0 | 9 |
| DUP Democratic Unionist Party | Voted Aye | 4 | 0 | 5 |
| Green Green Party | Voted Aye | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| PC Plaid Cymru | Voted Aye | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| TUV Traditional Unionist Voice | Voted Aye | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| APNI Alliance | Voted Aye | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| UUP Ulster Unionist Party | Voted Aye | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Con Conservative | No clear majority | 0 | 0 | 116 |
| SF Sinn Féin | No clear majority | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| Lab Labour (Co-op) | No clear majority | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| SDLP Social Democratic & Labour Party | No clear majority | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Spk Speaker | No party whip | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| RB Restore Britain | No clear majority | 0 | 0 | 1 |
"Party position" is how the majority of each party's voting members voted in this division. Parliament does not publish official whipping instructions, so this is derived from the recorded votes. "Rebels" are members who voted against their party's majority; Independent and Speaker roles have no party whip.
Individual votes
| Compare | MP | Party | Constituency | Vote | Rebel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adam Dance | LD | Yeovil | Aye | ||
| Adam Jogee | Lab | Newcastle-under-Lyme | No | ||
| Adam Thompson | Lab | Erewash | No | ||
| Adrian Ramsay | Green | Waveney Valley | Aye | ||
| Alan Gemmell | Lab | Central Ayrshire | No | ||
| Alan Strickland | Lab | Newton Aycliffe and Spennymoor | No | ||
| Alex Baker | Lab | Aldershot | No | ||
| Alex Ballinger | Lab | Halesowen | No | ||
| Alex Brewer | LD | North East Hampshire | Aye | ||
| Alex Davies-Jones | Lab | Pontypridd | No | ||
| Alex Easton | Ind | North Down | Aye | ||
| Alex Mayer | Lab | Dunstable and Leighton Buzzard | No | ||
| Alex McIntyre | Lab | Gloucester | No | ||
| Alex Norris | Lab | Nottingham North and Kimberley | No | ||
| Alice Macdonald | Lab | Norwich North | No | ||
| Alison Bennett | LD | Mid Sussex | Aye | ||
| Alison McGovern | Lab | Birkenhead | No | ||
| Alison Taylor | Lab | Paisley and Renfrewshire North | No | ||
| Alistair Strathern | Lab | Hitchin | No | ||
| Amanda Martin | Lab | Portsmouth North | No | ||
| Andrew Cooper | Lab | Mid Cheshire | No | ||
| Andrew George | LD | St Ives | Aye | ||
| Andrew Gwynne | Ind | Gorton and Denton | No | ||
| Andrew Lewin | Lab | Welwyn Hatfield | No | ||
| Andrew Pakes | Lab | Peterborough | No | ||
| Andrew Ranger | Lab | Wrexham | No | ||
| Andrew Western | Lab | Stretford and Urmston | No | ||
| Andy MacNae | Lab | Rossendale and Darwen | No | ||
| Andy McDonald | Lab | Middlesbrough and Thornaby East | Aye Teller | Rebel | |
| Andy Slaughter | Lab | Hammersmith and Chiswick | No | ||
| Angela Rayner | Lab | Ashton-under-Lyne | No | ||
| Ann Davies | PC | Caerfyrddin | Aye | ||
| Anna Dixon | Lab | Shipley | No | ||
| Anna Gelderd | Lab | South East Cornwall | No | ||
| Anna McMorrin | Lab | Cardiff North | No | ||
| Anna Sabine | LD | Frome and East Somerset | Aye | ||
| Anna Turley | Lab | Redcar | No | ||
| Anneliese Dodds | Lab | Oxford East | No | ||
| Anneliese Midgley | Lab | Knowsley | No | ||
| Antonia Bance | Lab | Tipton and Wednesbury | No | ||
| Apsana Begum | Ind | Poplar and Limehouse | Aye | ||
| Ashley Dalton | Lab | West Lancashire | No | ||
| Ayoub Khan | Ind | Birmingham Perry Barr | Aye | ||
| Baggy Shanker | Lab | Derby South | No | ||
| Bambos Charalambous | Lab | Southgate and Wood Green | No | ||
| Becky Gittins | Lab | Clwyd East | No | ||
| Bell Ribeiro-Addy | Lab | Clapham and Brixton Hill | Aye | Rebel | |
| Ben Coleman | Lab | Chelsea and Fulham | No | ||
| Ben Goldsborough | Lab | South Norfolk | No | ||
| Ben Lake | PC | Ceredigion Preseli | Aye | ||
| Ben Maguire | LD | North Cornwall | Aye | ||
| Bill Esterson | Lab | Sefton Central | No | ||
| Blair McDougall | Lab | East Renfrewshire | No | ||
| Bobby Dean | LD | Carshalton and Wallington | Aye | ||
| Brendan O'Hara | SNP | Argyll, Bute and South Lochaber | Aye | ||
| Brian Leishman | Lab | Alloa and Grangemouth | Aye | Rebel | |
| Brian Mathew | LD | Melksham and Devizes | Aye | ||
| Bridget Phillipson | Lab | Houghton and Sunderland South | No | ||
| Callum Anderson | Lab | Buckingham and Bletchley | No | ||
| Calum Miller | LD | Bicester and Woodstock | Aye | ||
| Cameron Thomas | LD | Tewkesbury | Aye | ||
| Carla Denyer | Green | Bristol Central | Aye | ||
| Carla Lockhart | DUP | Upper Bann | Aye | ||
| Caroline Voaden | LD | South Devon | Aye | ||
| Carolyn Harris | Lab | Neath and Swansea East | No | ||
| Cat Eccles | Lab | Stourbridge | Aye | Rebel | |
| Cat Smith | Lab | Lancaster and Wyre | Aye | Rebel | |
| Catherine Atkinson | Lab | Derby North | No | ||
| Catherine Fookes | Lab | Monmouthshire | No | ||
| Catherine McKinnell | Lab | Newcastle upon Tyne North | No | ||
| Catherine West | Lab | Hornsey and Friern Barnet | No | ||
| Charlie Maynard | LD | Witney | Aye | ||
| Charlotte Cane | LD | Ely and East Cambridgeshire | Aye | ||
| Charlotte Nichols | Lab | Warrington North | No | ||
| Chris Bryant | Lab | Rhondda and Ogmore | No | ||
| Chris Coghlan | LD | Dorking and Horley | Aye | ||
| Chris Curtis | Lab | Milton Keynes North | No | ||
| Chris Elmore | Lab | Bridgend | No | ||
| Chris Hinchliff | Lab | North East Hertfordshire | Aye | Rebel | |
| Chris Kane | Lab | Stirling and Strathallan | No | ||
| Chris Law | SNP | Dundee Central | Aye | ||
| Chris McDonald | Lab | Stockton North | No | ||
| Chris Murray | Lab | Edinburgh East and Musselburgh | No | ||
| Chris Vince | Lab | Harlow | No | ||
| Chris Ward | Lab | Brighton Kemptown and Peacehaven | No | ||
| Chris Webb | Lab | Blackpool South | Aye | Rebel | |
| Christian Wakeford | Lab | Bury South | No | ||
| Claire Hazelgrove | Lab | Filton and Bradley Stoke | No | ||
| Claire Hughes | Lab | Bangor Aberconwy | No | ||
| Claire Young | LD | Thornbury and Yate | Aye | ||
| Clive Efford | Lab | Eltham and Chislehurst | Aye | Rebel | |
| Clive Jones | LD | Wokingham | Aye | ||
| Clive Lewis | Lab | Norwich South | Aye Teller | Rebel | |
| Connor Naismith | Lab | Crewe and Nantwich | No | ||
| Daisy Cooper | LD | St Albans | Aye | ||
| Dame Angela Eagle | Lab | Wallasey | No | ||
| Dame Chi Onwurah | Lab | Newcastle upon Tyne Central and West | No | ||
| Dame Diana Johnson | Lab | Kingston upon Hull North and Cottingham | No | ||
| Dame Meg Hillier | Lab | Hackney South and Shoreditch | No | ||
| Dame Nia Griffith | Lab | Llanelli | No | ||
| Dame Siobhain McDonagh | Lab | Mitcham and Morden | No | ||
| Damien Egan | Lab | Bristol North East | No | ||
| Dan Aldridge | Lab | Weston-super-Mare | No | ||
| Dan Jarvis | Lab | Barnsley North | No | ||
| Dan Norris | Ind | North East Somerset and Hanham | No | ||
| Dan Tomlinson | Lab | Chipping Barnet | No | ||
| Daniel Francis | Lab | Bexleyheath and Crayford | No | ||
| Daniel Zeichner | Lab | Cambridge | No | ||
| Danny Beales | Lab | Uxbridge and South Ruislip | No | ||
| Darren Jones | Lab | Bristol North West | No | ||
| Darren Paffey | Lab | Southampton Itchen | No | ||
| Dave Doogan | SNP | Angus and Perthshire Glens | Aye | ||
| Dave Robertson | Lab | Lichfield | No | ||
| David Baines | Lab | St Helens North | No | ||
| David Burton-Sampson | Lab | Southend West and Leigh | No | ||
| David Chadwick | LD | Brecon, Radnor and Cwm Tawe | Aye | ||
| David Pinto-Duschinsky | Lab | Hendon | No | ||
| David Smith | Lab | North Northumberland | No | ||
| David Taylor | Lab | Hemel Hempstead | No | ||
| David Williams | Lab | Stoke-on-Trent North | No | ||
| Deirdre Costigan | Lab | Ealing Southall | No | ||
| Derek Twigg | Lab | Widnes and Halewood | Aye | Rebel | |
| Douglas McAllister | Lab | West Dunbartonshire | No | ||
| Dr Al Pinkerton | LD | Surrey Heath | Aye | ||
| Dr Beccy Cooper | Lab | Worthing West | No | ||
| Dr Danny Chambers | LD | Winchester | Aye | ||
| Dr Ellie Chowns | Green | North Herefordshire | Aye | ||
| Dr Jeevun Sandher | Lab | Loughborough | No | ||
| Dr Lauren Sullivan | Lab | Gravesham | No | ||
| Dr Peter Prinsley | Lab | Bury St Edmunds and Stowmarket | No | ||
| Dr Roz Savage | LD | South Cotswolds | Aye | ||
| Dr Rupa Huq | Lab | Ealing Central and Acton | No | ||
| Dr Scott Arthur | Lab | Edinburgh South West | No | ||
| Dr Simon Opher | Lab | Stroud | Aye | Rebel | |
| Dr Zubir Ahmed | Lab | Glasgow South West | No | ||
| Ed Davey | LD | Kingston and Surbiton | Aye | ||
| Ed Miliband | Lab | Doncaster North | No | ||
| Edward Morello | LD | West Dorset | Aye | ||
| Elaine Stewart | Lab | Ayr, Carrick and Cumnock | No | ||
| Ellie Reeves | Lab | Lewisham West and East Dulwich | No | ||
| Emily Darlington | Lab | Milton Keynes Central | No | ||
| Emily Thornberry | Lab | Islington South and Finsbury | No | ||
| Emma Foody | Lab | Cramlington and Killingworth | No | ||
| Emma Hardy | Lab | Kingston upon Hull West and Haltemprice | No | ||
| Emma Lewell | Lab | South Shields | Aye | Rebel | |
| Emma Reynolds | Lab | Wycombe | No | ||
| Euan Stainbank | Lab | Falkirk | Aye | Rebel | |
| Feryal Clark | Lab | Enfield North | No | ||
| Fleur Anderson | Lab | Putney | No | ||
| Frank McNally | Lab | Coatbridge and Bellshill | No | ||
| Fred Thomas | Lab | Plymouth Moor View | No | ||
| Freddie van Mierlo | LD | Henley and Thame | Aye | ||
| Gareth Snell | Lab | Stoke-on-Trent Central | No | ||
| Gareth Thomas | Lab | Harrow West | No | ||
| Gen Kitchen | Lab | Wellingborough and Rushden | No | ||
| Georgia Gould | Lab | Queen's Park and Maida Vale | No | ||
| Gerald Jones | Lab | Merthyr Tydfil and Aberdare | No | ||
| Gideon Amos | LD | Taunton and Wellington | Aye | ||
| Gill Furniss | Lab | Sheffield Brightside and Hillsborough | No | ||
| Gill German | Lab | Clwyd North | No | ||
| Gordon McKee | Lab | Glasgow South | No | ||
| Graeme Downie | Lab | Dunfermline and Dollar | No | ||
| Graham Leadbitter | SNP | Moray West, Nairn and Strathspey | Aye | ||
| Graham Stringer | Lab | Blackley and Middleton South | Aye | Rebel | |
| Grahame Morris | Lab | Easington | Aye | Rebel | |
| Gregor Poynton | Lab | Livingston | No | ||
| Gurinder Singh Josan | Lab | Smethwick | No | ||
| Harpreet Uppal | Lab | Huddersfield | No | ||
| Heidi Alexander | Lab | Swindon South | No | ||
| Helen Maguire | LD | Epsom and Ewell | Aye | ||
| Helen Morgan | LD | North Shropshire | Aye | ||
| Helena Dollimore | Lab | Hastings and Rye | No | ||
| Henry Tufnell | Lab | Mid and South Pembrokeshire | No | ||
| Hilary Benn | Lab | Leeds South | No | ||
| Ian Byrne | Lab | Liverpool West Derby | Aye | Rebel | |
| Ian Lavery | Lab | Blyth and Ashington | Aye | Rebel | |
| Ian Murray | Lab | Edinburgh South | No | ||
| Ian Roome | LD | North Devon | Aye | ||
| Ian Sollom | LD | St Neots and Mid Cambridgeshire | Aye | ||
| Imogen Walker | Lab | Hamilton and Clyde Valley | No | ||
| Imran Hussain | Lab | Bradford East | Aye | Rebel | |
| Iqbal Mohamed | Ind | Dewsbury and Batley | Aye | ||
| Irene Campbell | Lab | North Ayrshire and Arran | Aye | Rebel | |
| Jack Abbott | Lab | Ipswich | No | ||
| Jacob Collier | Lab | Burton and Uttoxeter | No | ||
| Jade Botterill | Lab | Ossett and Denby Dale | No | ||
| Jake Richards | Lab | Rother Valley | No | ||
| James Asser | Lab | West Ham and Beckton | No | ||
| James MacCleary | LD | Lewes | Aye | ||
| James McMurdock | RUK | South Basildon and East Thurrock | Aye | ||
| James Murray | Lab | Ealing North | No | ||
| James Naish | Lab | Rushcliffe | No | ||
| Jamie Stone | LD | Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross | Aye | ||
| Janet Daby | Lab | Lewisham East | No | ||
| Jas Athwal | Lab | Ilford South | No | ||
| Jayne Kirkham | Lab | Truro and Falmouth | No | ||
| Jeff Smith | Lab | Manchester Withington | No | ||
| Jen Craft | Lab | Thurrock | No | ||
| Jeremy Corbyn | Ind | Islington North | Aye | ||
| Jess Asato | Lab | Lowestoft | No | ||
| Jess Brown-Fuller | LD | Chichester | Aye | ||
| Jess Phillips | Lab | Birmingham Yardley | No | ||
| Jessica Morden | Lab | Newport East | No | ||
| Jessica Toale | Lab | Bournemouth West | No | ||
| Jim Allister | TUV | North Antrim | Aye | ||
| Jim Dickson | Lab | Dartford | No | ||
| Jim McMahon | Lab | Oldham West, Chadderton and Royton | No | ||
| Jim Shannon | DUP | Strangford | Aye | ||
| Jo Platt | Lab | Leigh and Atherton | No | ||
| Jo Stevens | Lab | Cardiff East | No | ||
| Jo White | Lab | Bassetlaw | No | ||
| Joani Reid | Lab | East Kilbride and Strathaven | No | ||
| Joe Morris | Lab | Hexham | No | ||
| Joe Powell | Lab | Kensington and Bayswater | No | ||
| Johanna Baxter | Lab | Paisley and Renfrewshire South | No | ||
| John Grady | Lab | Glasgow East | No | ||
| John Healey | Lab | Rawmarsh and Conisbrough | No | ||
| John McDonnell | Ind | Hayes and Harlington | Aye | ||
| John Milne | LD | Horsham | Aye | ||
| John Slinger | Lab | Rugby | No | ||
| John Whitby | Lab | Derbyshire Dales | No | ||
| Jon Pearce | Lab | High Peak | No | ||
| Jon Trickett | Lab | Normanton and Hemsworth | Aye | Rebel | |
| Jonathan Davies | Lab | Mid Derbyshire | No | ||
| Jonathan Hinder | Lab | Pendle and Clitheroe | No | ||
| Jonathan Reynolds | Lab | Stalybridge and Hyde | No | ||
| Josh Babarinde | LD | Eastbourne | Aye | ||
| Josh Dean | Lab | Hertford and Stortford | No | ||
| Josh Fenton-Glynn | Lab | Calder Valley | No | ||
| Josh MacAlister | Lab | Whitehaven and Workington | No | ||
| Josh Newbury | Lab | Cannock Chase | No | ||
| Josh Simons | Lab | Makerfield | No | ||
| Julia Buckley | Lab | Shrewsbury | No | ||
| Juliet Campbell | Lab | Broxtowe | No | ||
| Justin Madders | Lab | Ellesmere Port and Bromborough | No | ||
| Kanishka Narayan | Lab | Vale of Glamorgan | No | ||
| Karin Smyth | Lab | Bristol South | No | ||
| Karl Turner | Lab | Kingston upon Hull East | No | ||
| Kate Dearden | Lab | Halifax | No Teller | ||
| Kate Osborne | Lab | Jarrow and Gateshead East | Aye | Rebel | |
| Katie White | Lab | Leeds North West | No | ||
| Katrina Murray | Lab | Cumbernauld and Kirkintilloch | No | ||
| Keir Mather | Lab | Selby | No Teller | ||
| Kenneth Stevenson | Lab | Airdrie and Shotts | No | ||
| Kerry McCarthy | Lab | Bristol East | No | ||
| Kevin Bonavia | Lab | Stevenage | No | ||
| Kevin McKenna | Lab | Sittingbourne and Sheppey | No | ||
| Kim Johnson | Lab | Liverpool Riverside | Aye | Rebel | |
| Kim Leadbeater | Lab | Spen Valley | No | ||
| Kirith Entwistle | Lab | Bolton North East | No | ||
| Kirsteen Sullivan | Lab | Bathgate and Linlithgow | No | ||
| Kirsty Blackman | SNP | Aberdeen North | Aye | ||
| Kirsty McNeill | Lab | Midlothian | No | ||
| Laura Kyrke-Smith | Lab | Aylesbury | No | ||
| Lauren Edwards | Lab | Rochester and Strood | No | ||
| Laurence Turner | Lab | Birmingham Northfield | No | ||
| Layla Moran | LD | Oxford West and Abingdon | Aye | ||
| Lee Barron | Lab | Corby and East Northamptonshire | Aye | Rebel | |
| Lee Pitcher | Lab | Doncaster East and the Isle of Axholme | No | ||
| Leigh Ingham | Lab | Stafford | No | ||
| Lewis Atkinson | Lab | Sunderland Central | No | ||
| Liam Byrne | Lab | Birmingham Hodge Hill and Solihull North | No | ||
| Liam Conlon | Lab | Beckenham and Penge | No | ||
| Lilian Greenwood | Lab | Nottingham South | No | ||
| Lillian Jones | Lab | Kilmarnock and Loudoun | No | ||
| Linsey Farnsworth | Lab | Amber Valley | No | ||
| Lisa Nandy | Lab | Wigan | No | ||
| Lisa Smart | LD | Hazel Grove | Aye | ||
| Liz Jarvis | LD | Eastleigh | Aye | ||
| Liz Kendall | Lab | Leicester West | No | ||
| Liz Saville Roberts | PC | Dwyfor Meirionnydd | Aye | ||
| Liz Twist | Lab | Blaydon and Consett | No | ||
| Lizzi Collinge | Lab | Morecambe and Lunesdale | Aye | Rebel | |
| Llinos Medi | PC | Ynys Môn | Aye | ||
| Lloyd Hatton | Lab | South Dorset | No | ||
| Lola McEvoy | Lab | Darlington | No | ||
| Lorraine Beavers | Lab | Blackpool North and Fleetwood | Aye | Rebel | |
| Louise Haigh | Lab | Sheffield Heeley | No | ||
| Louise Sandher-Jones | Lab | North East Derbyshire | No | ||
| Lucy Powell | Lab | Manchester Central | No | ||
| Lucy Rigby | Lab | Northampton North | No | ||
| Luke Akehurst | Lab | North Durham | No | ||
| Luke Murphy | Lab | Basingstoke | No | ||
| Luke Myer | Lab | Middlesbrough South and East Cleveland | No | ||
| Luke Pollard | Lab | Plymouth Sutton and Devonport | No | ||
| Luke Taylor | LD | Sutton and Cheam | Aye | ||
| Manuela Perteghella | LD | Stratford-on-Avon | Aye | ||
| Margaret Mullane | Lab | Dagenham and Rainham | Aye | Rebel | |
| Maria Eagle | Lab | Liverpool Garston | No | ||
| Marie Goldman | LD | Chelmsford | Aye | ||
| Mark Ferguson | Lab | Gateshead Central and Whickham | No | ||
| Mark Sewards | Lab | Leeds South West and Morley | No | ||
| Markus Campbell-Savours | Lab | Penrith and Solway | No | ||
| Martin McCluskey | Lab | Inverclyde and Renfrewshire West | No | ||
| Martin Rhodes | Lab | Glasgow North | No | ||
| Martin Wrigley | LD | Newton Abbot | Aye | ||
| Mary Creagh | Lab | Coventry East | No | ||
| Mary Glindon | Lab | Newcastle upon Tyne East and Wallsend | Aye | Rebel | |
| Mary Kelly Foy | Lab | City of Durham | Aye | Rebel | |
| Matt Bishop | Lab | Forest of Dean | No | ||
| Matt Rodda | Lab | Reading Central | No | ||
| Matt Turmaine | Lab | Watford | No | ||
| Matt Western | Lab | Warwick and Leamington | No | ||
| Matthew Patrick | Lab | Wirral West | No | ||
| Matthew Pennycook | Lab | Greenwich and Woolwich | No | ||
| Maureen Burke | Lab | Glasgow North East | No | ||
| Max Wilkinson | LD | Cheltenham | Aye | ||
| Melanie Onn | Lab | Great Grimsby and Cleethorpes | No | ||
| Melanie Ward | Lab | Cowdenbeath and Kirkcaldy | No | ||
| Miatta Fahnbulleh | Lab | Peckham | No | ||
| Michael Payne | Lab | Gedling | No | ||
| Michael Shanks | Lab | Rutherglen | No | ||
| Michael Wheeler | Lab | Worsley and Eccles | No | ||
| Michelle Scrogham | Lab | Barrow and Furness | No | ||
| Michelle Welsh | Lab | Sherwood Forest | No | ||
| Mike Kane | Lab | Wythenshawe and Sale East | No | ||
| Mike Martin | LD | Tunbridge Wells | Aye | ||
| Mike Reader | Lab | Northampton South | No | ||
| Mike Tapp | Lab | Dover and Deal | No | ||
| Monica Harding | LD | Esher and Walton | Aye | ||
| Mr Adnan Hussain | Ind | Blackburn | Aye | ||
| Mr Alex Barros-Curtis | Lab | Cardiff West | No | ||
| Mr Alistair Carmichael | LD | Orkney and Shetland | Aye | ||
| Mr Angus MacDonald | LD | Inverness, Skye and West Ross-shire | Aye | ||
| Mr Bayo Alaba | Lab | Southend East and Rochford | No | ||
| Mr Calvin Bailey | Lab | Leyton and Wanstead | No | ||
| Mr Clive Betts | Lab | Sheffield South East | No | ||
| Mr Connor Rand | Lab | Altrincham and Sale West | No | ||
| Mr David Lammy | Lab | Tottenham | No | ||
| Mr Douglas Alexander | Lab | Lothian East | No | ||
| Mr Gregory Campbell | DUP | East Londonderry | Aye | ||
| Mr Hamish Falconer | Lab | Lincoln | No | ||
| Mr James Frith | Lab | Bury North | No | ||
| Mr Joshua Reynolds | LD | Maidenhead | Aye | ||
| Mr Lee Dillon | LD | Newbury | Aye | ||
| Mr Luke Charters | Lab | York Outer | No | ||
| Mr Paul Foster | Lab | South Ribble | No | ||
| Mr Paul Kohler | LD | Wimbledon | Aye | ||
| Mr Toby Perkins | Lab | Chesterfield | No | ||
| Mr Will Forster | LD | Woking | Aye | ||
| Mrs Elsie Blundell | Lab | Heywood and Middleton North | No | ||
| Mrs Sharon Hodgson | Lab | Washington and Gateshead South | No | ||
| Ms Abena Oppong-Asare | Lab | Erith and Thamesmead | No | ||
| Ms Diane Abbott | Lab | Hackney North and Stoke Newington | Aye | Rebel | |
| Ms Julie Minns | Lab | Carlisle | No | ||
| Ms Marie Rimmer | Lab | St Helens South and Whiston | Aye | Rebel | |
| Ms Polly Billington | Lab | East Thanet | No | ||
| Ms Stella Creasy | Lab | Walthamstow | Aye | Rebel | |
| Munira Wilson | LD | Twickenham | Aye | ||
| Nadia Whittome | Lab | Nottingham East | Aye | Rebel | |
| Natalie Fleet | Lab | Bolsover | No | ||
| Natasha Irons | Lab | Croydon East | No | ||
| Naushabah Khan | Lab | Gillingham and Rainham | No | ||
| Navendu Mishra | Lab | Stockport | Aye | Rebel | |
| Neil Coyle | Lab | Bermondsey and Old Southwark | No | ||
| Neil Duncan-Jordan | Lab | Poole | Aye | Rebel | |
| Nesil Caliskan | Lab | Barking | No | ||
| Nick Smith | Lab | Blaenau Gwent and Rhymney | No | ||
| Nick Thomas-Symonds | Lab | Torfaen | No | ||
| Nigel Farage | RUK | Clacton | Aye | ||
| Noah Law | Lab | St Austell and Newquay | No | ||
| Oliver Ryan | Ind | Burnley | No | ||
| Olivia Bailey | Lab | Reading West and Mid Berkshire | No | ||
| Olivia Blake | Lab | Sheffield Hallam | Aye | Rebel | |
| Olly Glover | LD | Didcot and Wantage | Aye | ||
| Pam Cox | Lab | Colchester | No | ||
| Pamela Nash | Lab | Motherwell, Wishaw and Carluke | No | ||
| Pat McFadden | Lab | Wolverhampton South East | No | ||
| Patricia Ferguson | Lab | Glasgow West | No | ||
| Patrick Hurley | Lab | Southport | No | ||
| Paul Davies | Lab | Colne Valley | No | ||
| Paul Waugh | Lab | Rochdale | No | ||
| Paula Barker | Lab | Liverpool Wavertree | Aye | Rebel | |
| Paulette Hamilton | Lab | Birmingham Erdington | No | ||
| Perran Moon | Lab | Camborne and Redruth | No | ||
| Pete Wishart | SNP | Perth and Kinross-shire | Aye | ||
| Peter Dowd | Lab | Bootle | Aye | Rebel | |
| Peter Kyle | Lab | Hove and Portslade | No | ||
| Peter Lamb | Lab | Crawley | No | ||
| Peter Swallow | Lab | Bracknell | No | ||
| Phil Brickell | Lab | Bolton West | No | ||
| Pippa Heylings | LD | South Cambridgeshire | Aye | ||
| Preet Kaur Gill | Lab | Birmingham Edgbaston | No | ||
| Rachael Maskell | Lab | York Central | Aye | Rebel | |
| Rachel Blake | Lab | Cities of London and Westminster | No | ||
| Rachel Gilmour | LD | Tiverton and Minehead | Aye | ||
| Rachel Hopkins | Lab | Luton South and South Bedfordshire | No | ||
| Rachel Reeves | Lab | Leeds West and Pudsey | No | ||
| Rachel Taylor | Lab | North Warwickshire and Bedworth | No | ||
| Rebecca Long Bailey | Lab | Salford | Aye | Rebel | |
| Richard Baker | Lab | Glenrothes and Mid Fife | No | ||
| Richard Burgon | Lab | Leeds East | Aye | Rebel | |
| Richard Quigley | Lab | Isle of Wight West | Aye | Rebel | |
| Richard Tice | RUK | Boston and Skegness | Aye | ||
| Robin Swann | UUP | South Antrim | Aye | ||
| Rosie Duffield | Ind | Canterbury | Aye | ||
| Rosie Wrighting | Lab | Kettering | No | ||
| Rushanara Ali | Lab | Bethnal Green and Stepney | No | ||
| Ruth Cadbury | Lab | Brentford and Isleworth | No | ||
| Ruth Jones | Lab | Newport West and Islwyn | No | ||
| Sadik Al-Hassan | Lab | North Somerset | No | ||
| Sally Jameson | Lab | Doncaster Central | No | ||
| Sam Carling | Lab | North West Cambridgeshire | No | ||
| Sam Rushworth | Lab | Bishop Auckland | No | ||
| Samantha Dixon | Lab | Chester North and Neston | No | ||
| Samantha Niblett | Lab | South Derbyshire | No | ||
| Sammy Wilson | DUP | East Antrim | Aye | ||
| Sarah Champion | Lab | Rotherham | No | ||
| Sarah Coombes | Lab | West Bromwich | No | ||
| Sarah Dyke | LD | Glastonbury and Somerton | Aye | ||
| Sarah Edwards | Lab | Tamworth | No | ||
| Sarah Gibson | LD | Chippenham | Aye | ||
| Sarah Green | LD | Chesham and Amersham | Aye | ||
| Sarah Hall | Lab | Warrington South | No | ||
| Sarah Jones | Lab | Croydon West | No | ||
| Sarah Olney | LD | Richmond Park | Aye | ||
| Sarah Owen | Lab | Luton North | No | ||
| Sarah Pochin | RUK | Runcorn and Helsby | Aye | ||
| Sarah Russell | Lab | Congleton | No | ||
| Sarah Sackman | Lab | Finchley and Golders Green | No | ||
| Sarah Smith | Lab | Hyndburn | No | ||
| Satvir Kaur | Lab | Southampton Test | No | ||
| Seamus Logan | SNP | Aberdeenshire North and Moray East | Aye | ||
| Sean Woodcock | Lab | Banbury | No | ||
| Seema Malhotra | Lab | Feltham and Heston | No | ||
| Shabana Mahmood | Lab | Birmingham Ladywood | No | ||
| Shaun Davies | Lab | Telford | No | ||
| Shockat Adam | Ind | Leicester South | Aye | ||
| Siân Berry | Green | Brighton Pavilion | Aye | ||
| Simon Lightwood | Lab | Wakefield and Rothwell | No | ||
| Sir Alan Campbell | Lab | Tynemouth | No | ||
| Sir Keir Starmer | Lab | Holborn and St Pancras | No | ||
| Sir Mark Hendrick | Lab | Preston | No | ||
| Sir Mark Tami | Lab | Alyn and Deeside | No | ||
| Sir Nicholas Dakin | Lab | Scunthorpe | No | ||
| Sir Stephen Timms | Lab | East Ham | No | ||
| Sojan Joseph | Lab | Ashford | No | ||
| Sonia Kumar | Lab | Dudley | No | ||
| Sorcha Eastwood | APNI | Lagan Valley | Aye | ||
| Steff Aquarone | LD | North Norfolk | Aye | ||
| Stephanie Peacock | Lab | Barnsley South | No | ||
| Stephen Doughty | Lab | Cardiff South and Penarth | No | ||
| Stephen Flynn | SNP | Aberdeen South | Aye | ||
| Stephen Gethins | SNP | Arbroath and Broughty Ferry | Aye | ||
| Stephen Kinnock | Lab | Aberafan Maesteg | No | ||
| Stephen Morgan | Lab | Portsmouth South | No | ||
| Steve Darling | LD | Torbay | Aye | ||
| Steve Race | Lab | Exeter | No | ||
| Steve Reed | Lab | Streatham and Croydon North | No | ||
| Steve Witherden | Lab | Montgomeryshire and Glyndŵr | Aye | Rebel | |
| Steve Yemm | Lab | Mansfield | No | ||
| Sureena Brackenridge | Lab | Wolverhampton North East | No | ||
| Susan Murray | LD | Mid Dunbartonshire | Aye | ||
| Taiwo Owatemi | Lab | Coventry North West | No | ||
| Terry Jermy | Lab | South West Norfolk | Aye | Rebel | |
| Tessa Munt | LD | Wells and Mendip Hills | Aye | ||
| Tim Farron | LD | Westmorland and Lonsdale | Aye | ||
| Tim Roca | Lab | Macclesfield | No | ||
| Tom Collins | Lab | Worcester | No | ||
| Tom Gordon | LD | Harrogate and Knaresborough | Aye | ||
| Tom Hayes | Lab | Bournemouth East | No | ||
| Tom Morrison | LD | Cheadle | Aye | ||
| Tom Rutland | Lab | East Worthing and Shoreham | No | ||
| Tonia Antoniazzi | Lab | Gower | No | ||
| Tony Vaughan | Lab | Folkestone and Hythe | No | ||
| Torcuil Crichton | Lab | Na h-Eileanan an Iar | No | ||
| Torsten Bell | Lab | Swansea West | No | ||
| Tracy Gilbert | Lab | Edinburgh North and Leith | Aye | Rebel | |
| Tristan Osborne | Lab | Chatham and Aylesford | No | ||
| Tulip Siddiq | Lab | Hampstead and Highgate | No | ||
| Uma Kumaran | Lab | Stratford and Bow | No | ||
| Victoria Collins | LD | Harpenden and Berkhamsted | Aye | ||
| Vikki Slade | LD | Mid Dorset and North Poole | Aye | ||
| Warinder Juss | Lab | Wolverhampton West | No | ||
| Wendy Chamberlain | LD | North East Fife | Aye | ||
| Wera Hobhouse | LD | Bath | Aye | ||
| Wes Streeting | Lab | Ilford North | No | ||
| Will Stone | Lab | Swindon North | No | ||
| Yuan Yang | Lab | Earley and Woodley | No | ||
| Yvette Cooper | Lab | Pontefract, Castleford and Knottingley | No | ||
| Zarah Sultana | Ind | Coventry South | Aye | ||
| Zöe Franklin | LD | Guildford | Aye | ||
| Abtisam Mohamed | Lab | Sheffield Central | — | ||
| Afzal Khan | Lab | Manchester Rusholme | — | ||
| Al Carns | Lab | Birmingham Selly Oak | — | ||
| Alan Mak | Con | Havant | — | ||
| Alberto Costa | Con | South Leicestershire | — | ||
| Alex Burghart | Con | Brentwood and Ongar | — | ||
| Alex Sobel | Lab | Leeds Central and Headingley | — | ||
| Alicia Kearns | Con | Rutland and Stamford | — | ||
| Alison Griffiths | Con | Bognor Regis and Littlehampton | — | ||
| Alison Hume | Lab | Scarborough and Whitby | — | ||
| Amanda Hack | Lab | North West Leicestershire | — | ||
| Andrew Bowie | Con | West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine | — | ||
| Andrew Griffith | Con | Arundel and South Downs | — | ||
| Andrew Rosindell | RUK | Romford | — | ||
| Aphra Brandreth | Con | Chester South and Eddisbury | — | ||
| Barry Gardiner | Lab | Brent West | — | ||
| Ben Obese-Jecty | Con | Huntingdon | — | ||
| Blake Stephenson | Con | Mid Bedfordshire | — | ||
| Bob Blackman | Con | Harrow East | — | ||
| Bradley Thomas | Con | Bromsgrove | — | ||
| Caroline Nokes | Con | Romsey and Southampton North | — | ||
| Charlie Dewhirst | Con | Bridlington and The Wolds | — | ||
| Chris Bloore | Lab | Redditch | — | ||
| Chris Evans | Lab | Caerphilly | — | ||
| Chris Hazzard | SF | South Down | — | ||
| Chris Philp | Con | Croydon South | — | ||
| Christine Jardine | LD | Edinburgh West | — | ||
| Claire Coutinho | Con | East Surrey | — | ||
| Claire Hanna | SDLP | Belfast South and Mid Down | — | ||
| Colum Eastwood | SDLP | Foyle | — | ||
| Dáire Hughes | SF | Newry and Armagh | — | ||
| Dame Caroline Dinenage | Con | Gosport | — | ||
| Dame Harriett Baldwin | Con | West Worcestershire | — | ||
| Dame Karen Bradley | Con | Staffordshire Moorlands | — | ||
| Damian Hinds | Con | East Hampshire | — | ||
| Dan Carden | Lab | Liverpool Walton | — | ||
| Danny Kruger | RUK | East Wiltshire | — | ||
| David Davis | Con | Goole and Pocklington | — | ||
| David Mundell | Con | Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale | — | ||
| David Reed | Con | Exmouth and Exeter East | — | ||
| David Simmonds | Con | Ruislip, Northwood and Pinner | — | ||
| Dawn Butler | Lab | Brent East | — | ||
| Debbie Abrahams | Lab | Oldham East and Saddleworth | — | ||
| Dr Allison Gardner | Lab | Stoke-on-Trent South | — | ||
| Dr Andrew Murrison | Con | South West Wiltshire | — | ||
| Dr Ben Spencer | Con | Runnymede and Weybridge | — | ||
| Dr Caroline Johnson | Con | Sleaford and North Hykeham | — | ||
| Dr Kieran Mullan | Con | Bexhill and Battle | — | ||
| Dr Luke Evans | Con | Hinckley and Bosworth | — | ||
| Dr Marie Tidball | Lab | Penistone and Stocksbridge | — | ||
| Dr Neil Hudson | Con | Epping Forest | — | ||
| Dr Neil Shastri-Hurst | Con | Solihull West and Shirley | — | ||
| Dr Rosena Allin-Khan | Lab | Tooting | — | ||
| Edward Argar | Con | Melton and Syston | — | ||
| Esther McVey | Con | Tatton | — | ||
| Fabian Hamilton | Lab | Leeds North East | — | ||
| Florence Eshalomi | Lab | Vauxhall and Camberwell Green | — | ||
| Gareth Bacon | Con | Orpington | — | ||
| Gareth Davies | Con | Grantham and Bourne | — | ||
| Gavin Robinson | DUP | Belfast East | — | ||
| George Freeman | Con | Mid Norfolk | — | ||
| Graham Stuart | Con | Beverley and Holderness | — | ||
| Greg Smith | Con | Mid Buckinghamshire | — | ||
| Gregory Stafford | Con | Farnham and Bordon | — | ||
| Harriet Cross | Con | Gordon and Buchan | — | ||
| Helen Grant | Con | Maidstone and Malling | — | ||
| Helen Hayes | Lab | Dulwich and West Norwood | — | ||
| Helen Whately | Con | Faversham and Mid Kent | — | ||
| Jack Rankin | Con | Windsor | — | ||
| James Cartlidge | Con | South Suffolk | — | ||
| James Wild | Con | North West Norfolk | — | ||
| Jenny Riddell-Carpenter | Lab | Suffolk Coastal | — | ||
| Jerome Mayhew | Con | Broadland and Fakenham | — | ||
| Jesse Norman | Con | Hereford and South Herefordshire | — | ||
| Jodie Gosling | Lab | Nuneaton | — | ||
| Joe Robertson | Con | Isle of Wight East | — | ||
| John Cooper | Con | Dumfries and Galloway | — | ||
| John Finucane | SF | Belfast North | — | ||
| John Glen | Con | Salisbury | — | ||
| John Lamont | Con | Berwickshire, Roxburgh and Selkirk | — | ||
| Joy Morrissey | Con | Beaconsfield | — | ||
| Judith Cummins | Lab | Bradford South | — | ||
| Julia Lopez | Con | Hornchurch and Upminster | — | ||
| Kate Osamor | Lab | Edmonton and Winchmore Hill | — | ||
| Katie Lam | Con | Weald of Kent | — | ||
| Kevin Hollinrake | Con | Thirsk and Malton | — | ||
| Kit Malthouse | Con | North West Hampshire | — | ||
| Laura Trott | Con | Sevenoaks | — | ||
| Lee Anderson | RUK | Ashfield | — | ||
| Lewis Cocking | Con | Broxbourne | — | ||
| Lincoln Jopp | Con | Spelthorne | — | ||
| Mark Garnier | Con | Wyre Forest | — | ||
| Mark Pritchard | Con | The Wrekin | — | ||
| Marsha De Cordova | Lab | Battersea | — | ||
| Martin Vickers | Con | Brigg and Immingham | — | ||
| Matt Vickers | Con | Stockton West | — | ||
| Maya Ellis | Lab | Ribble Valley | — | ||
| Mike Wood | Con | Kingswinford and South Staffordshire | — | ||
| Mims Davies | Con | East Grinstead and Uckfield | — | ||
| Mohammad Yasin | Lab | Bedford | — | ||
| Mr Andrew Snowden | Con | Fylde | — | ||
| Mr Cathal Mallaghan | SF | Mid Ulster | — | ||
| Mr Gagan Mohindra | Con | South West Hertfordshire | — | ||
| Mr Jonathan Brash | Lab | Hartlepool | — | ||
| Mr Louie French | Con | Old Bexley and Sidcup | — | ||
| Mr Mark Francois | Con | Rayleigh and Wickford | — | ||
| Mr Peter Bedford | Con | Mid Leicestershire | — | ||
| Mr Richard Holden | Con | Basildon and Billericay | — | ||
| Mr Tanmanjeet Singh Dhesi | Lab | Slough | — | ||
| Mrs Kemi Badenoch | Con | North West Essex | — | ||
| Ms Nusrat Ghani | Con | Sussex Weald | — | ||
| Naz Shah | Lab | Bradford West | — | ||
| Neil O'Brien | Con | Harborough, Oadby and Wigston | — | ||
| Nick Timothy | Con | West Suffolk | — | ||
| Nigel Huddleston | Con | Droitwich and Evesham | — | ||
| Órfhlaith Begley | SF | West Tyrone | — | ||
| Pat Cullen | SF | Fermanagh and South Tyrone | — | ||
| Patrick Spencer | Ind | Central Suffolk and North Ipswich | — | ||
| Paul Holmes | Con | Hamble Valley | — | ||
| Paul Maskey | SF | Belfast West | — | ||
| Peter Fortune | Con | Bromley and Biggin Hill | — | ||
| Priti Patel | Con | Witham | — | ||
| Rebecca Harris | Con | Castle Point | — | ||
| Rebecca Paul | Con | Reigate | — | ||
| Rebecca Smith | Con | South West Devon | — | ||
| Richard Foord | LD | Honiton and Sidmouth | — | ||
| Richard Fuller | Con | North Bedfordshire | — | ||
| Rishi Sunak | Con | Richmond and Northallerton | — | ||
| Robbie Moore | Con | Keighley and Ilkley | — | ||
| Robert Jenrick | RUK | Newark | — | ||
| Rupert Lowe | RB | Great Yarmouth | — | ||
| Saqib Bhatti | Con | Meriden and Solihull East | — | ||
| Sarah Bool | Con | South Northamptonshire | — | ||
| Shivani Raja | Con | Leicester East | — | ||
| Simon Hoare | Con | North Dorset | — | ||
| Sir Alec Shelbrooke | Con | Wetherby and Easingwold | — | ||
| Sir Andrew Mitchell | Con | Sutton Coldfield | — | ||
| Sir Ashley Fox | Con | Bridgwater | — | ||
| Sir Bernard Jenkin | Con | Harwich and North Essex | — | ||
| Sir Christopher Chope | Con | Christchurch | — | ||
| Sir Desmond Swayne | Con | New Forest West | — | ||
| Sir Edward Leigh | Con | Gainsborough | — | ||
| Sir Gavin Williamson | Con | Stone, Great Wyrley and Penkridge | — | ||
| Sir Geoffrey Clifton-Brown | Con | North Cotswolds | — | ||
| Sir Geoffrey Cox | Con | Torridge and Tavistock | — | ||
| Sir Iain Duncan Smith | Con | Chingford and Woodford Green | — | ||
| Sir James Cleverly | Con | Braintree | — | ||
| Sir Jeremy Hunt | Con | Godalming and Ash | — | ||
| Sir Jeremy Wright | Con | Kenilworth and Southam | — | ||
| Sir John Hayes | Con | South Holland and The Deepings | — | ||
| Sir John Whittingdale | Con | Maldon | — | ||
| Sir Julian Lewis | Con | New Forest East | — | ||
| Sir Julian Smith | Con | Skipton and Ripon | — | ||
| Sir Lindsay Hoyle | Spk | Chorley | — | ||
| Sir Mel Stride | Con | Central Devon | — | ||
| Sir Oliver Dowden | Con | Hertsmere | — | ||
| Sir Roger Gale | Con | Herne Bay and Sandwich | — | ||
| Steve Barclay | Con | North East Cambridgeshire | — | ||
| Stuart Anderson | Con | South Shropshire | — | ||
| Stuart Andrew | Con | Daventry | — | ||
| Suella Braverman | RUK | Fareham and Waterlooville | — | ||
| Tahir Ali | Lab | Birmingham Hall Green and Moseley | — | ||
| Tom Tugendhat | Con | Tonbridge | — | ||
| Valerie Vaz | Lab | Walsall and Bloxwich | — | ||
| Vicky Foxcroft | Lab | Lewisham North | — | ||
| Victoria Atkins | Con | Louth and Horncastle | — | ||
| Wendy Morton | Con | Aldridge-Brownhills | — | ||
| Yasmin Qureshi | Lab | Bolton South and Walkden | — |
Primary source
Commons Votes API JSON
Official page
Parliament division page
Hansard debate
View debate in Hansard
Hansard division
View division in Hansard
FAQs
What was the result of this Commons division?
This division was rejected, with 149 Ayes and 328 Noes. Source
What is a Commons division?
A Commons division is a recorded vote in the House of Commons where MPs are recorded as voting Aye or No. Source
How many MPs voted in this division?
482 MPs have an imported recorded vote for this division. Source
What does did not vote mean on this division?
Did not vote means there is no imported Aye or No vote for that MP in this division. It does not by itself explain the reason. Source
What does rebel mean on this division?
Rebel means the MP's recorded vote differed from the majority recorded vote of their party in this division. Independent and Speaker roles are not labelled as rebels because they do not have a party whip. Source
What does party position mean on this division?
Party position is the direction the majority of a party's voting members took in this division — Aye or No. Parliament does not publish official whipping instructions, so this is derived from the recorded votes rather than from a stated whip. Source
Where does this division data come from?
This division and its vote records come from the Commons Votes API. Source
What bill is this division about?
This division has not been linked to a specific bill. Not all divisions relate to bills — some are Opposition Day motions, procedural votes, or other business. Source